Base of thumb osteoarthritis
What is Base of thumb osteoarthritis?
Base of thumb osteoarthritis affects the carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb. This joint allows pinch and opposition, but it is exposed to high loads during gripping and can become painful as cartilage wears.
Common symptoms
Symptoms include pain with pinching, opening jars, turning keys, writing, using secateurs, lifting plates or gripping gym equipment. The thumb base may become swollen, prominent, weak or unstable.
Diagnosis and imaging
Diagnosis is made through examination and X-rays of the thumb base. The assessment checks tenderness, grind pain, joint stability, pinch strength and whether nearby joints are also involved.
Non-surgical treatment
Non-surgical treatment includes splints, hand therapy, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication, topical treatments and corticosteroid injection. Many patients manage symptoms effectively with a combination approach.
Surgical treatment
Surgery is considered when pain and loss of pinch function remain limiting. Options include trapeziectomy with suspension or ligament reconstruction, implant arthroplasty in selected cases, or fusion for specific high-demand patterns.
Recovery and follow-up
After surgery, the thumb is protected while soft tissues heal, then hand therapy rebuilds motion, pinch strength and confidence. Functional improvement continues for months.
Base of thumb osteoarthritis FAQs
Why is pinch so painful with thumb arthritis?
Pinch loads are multiplied across the thumb base joint. Even small tasks can create high joint forces when cartilage is worn.
How is base of thumb osteoarthritis diagnosed?
Diagnosis starts with a focused history and examination, then uses imaging selectively to confirm the pattern of injury, exclude related problems and plan treatment accurately.
Do splints weaken the thumb?
Used appropriately, splints reduce painful loading while therapy maintains strength and function. They are a tool, not a replacement for movement.
Will I need surgery for base of thumb osteoarthritis?
Many patients improve without surgery. Surgery is considered when symptoms remain limiting despite appropriate non-surgical care, when there is significant structural damage, or when delay may compromise function.
How long does recovery take after thumb base surgery?
Basic function returns gradually, but strength and confidence often continue improving for several months.
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