Carpal tunnel syndrome
What is Carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the median nerve at the wrist. The median nerve supplies sensation to the thumb, index, middle and part of the ring finger, and controls important thumb muscles.
Common symptoms
Symptoms include numbness, tingling, burning pain, night waking, hand clumsiness, dropping objects and weakness of pinch. Symptoms may be worse with driving, phone use, cycling or sustained wrist positions.
Diagnosis and imaging
Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination and nerve provocation tests. Nerve conduction studies confirm severity and help distinguish carpal tunnel syndrome from neck or other nerve problems.
Non-surgical treatment
Early or mild cases may improve with night splints, activity modification, treating contributing conditions and corticosteroid injection. Persistent numbness, weakness or muscle wasting requires careful review.
Surgical treatment
Carpal tunnel release is considered when symptoms persist, nerve tests show significant compression, or weakness is present. Surgery releases the transverse carpal ligament to reduce pressure on the median nerve.
Recovery and follow-up
Night symptoms often improve early, but nerve recovery and hand strength can take longer. Grip and palm tenderness improve gradually, with return to heavier use guided by comfort and wound healing.
Carpal tunnel syndrome FAQs
Why are my symptoms worse at night?
Wrist position and fluid shifts during sleep can increase pressure in the carpal tunnel, irritating the median nerve.
How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?
Diagnosis starts with a focused history and examination, then uses imaging selectively to confirm the pattern of injury, exclude related problems and plan treatment accurately.
Can carpal tunnel syndrome cause permanent damage?
Yes. Long-standing compression can cause persistent numbness, weakness and muscle wasting. Progressive symptoms should be assessed.
Will I need surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Many patients improve without surgery. Surgery is considered when symptoms remain limiting despite appropriate non-surgical care, when there is significant structural damage, or when delay may compromise function.
How quickly can I use my hand after release?
Light hand use usually starts early, but heavy gripping and load are increased gradually as the wound heals and tenderness settles.
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